Surgical Errors in Pennsylvania: When Is a Bad Outcome Medical Malpractice?
A poor surgical result does not automatically mean malpractice. Learn when a Pennsylvania surgical-error claim may exist, how expert proof works, and what evidence matters.
Entries by C.J. Zwick, Esquire
Can One Sixteenth in an Old Mineral Deed Mean One Half
A pending West Virginia Supreme Court case asks whether “one-sixteenth” in a 1902 mineral deed means a literal 1/16 interest or one-half under historical oil-and-gas usage.
Is an Old Pennsylvania Oil and Gas Lease Still Valid? Held by Production, Shut-In Wells and Lease Expiration
Learn how Pennsylvania oil and gas leases may continue after the primary term through production, shut-in clauses, pooling or other lease provisions—and why old leases require a document-specific review.
Pennsylvania Commercial Lease Personal Guaranties: What Business Owners and Landlords Should Know
Pennsylvania commercial leases often require a personal guaranty. Learn what guaranties mean for business owners and landlords, key negotiation points, and how liability may continue after default or assignment.
Can an Executor Sell Real Estate in Pennsylvania Without Beneficiary Approval?
Learn when a Pennsylvania executor or administrator may sell estate real estate, when beneficiary consent or court approval matters, and what happens when a beneficiary objects.
Pennsylvania Deed Problems: Errors, Ownership Disputes and Corrective Deeds
Pennsylvania deed problems can involve clerical errors, ownership disputes, legal-description issues and other title defects. Learn when a corrective deed may help and when a court action may be required.
Pennsylvania Quiet Title Actions: Resolving Deed, Ownership and Boundary Problems
Pennsylvania quiet-title actions can resolve competing ownership claims, deed problems, boundary disputes and other clouds on title. Learn what evidence and procedures may be involved.
Prescriptive Easements in Pennsylvania: Can Long-Term Use Create a Right of Way?
A Pennsylvania prescriptive easement can arise from long-term use of another person’s land when the legal requirements are satisfied. Learn how rights of way, permission and evidence affect a claim.
Adverse Possession in Pennsylvania: When Can Someone Claim Ownership of Land?
Pennsylvania adverse-possession claims require more than using another person’s land. Learn the traditional 21-year framework, the limited 10-year statute and evidence that matters.
Contesting a Will in Pennsylvania: Capacity, Undue Influence and Other Issues
A Pennsylvania will contest can involve testamentary capacity, undue influence, execution defects and other probate issues. Learn where challenges arise and why timing matters.
